Have you ever been curious about the lives of the smartest people in the world?
We have. To satisfy this curiosity (and to motivate you to reach your full potential), we have prepared a list of people with the highest IQ scores ever recorded.
Here you’ll find insights into their lives and most important works, as well as key mentions on their alleged struggles.
Take a look:
Understanding IQ
Before we unleash the list of mega-minds, let's break down what IQ really means.
The term "IQ" stands for Intelligence Quotient, a score derived from standardized tests created to measure some aspects of human intelligence. Essentially, it's a metric that compares your cognitive abilities to the general population, with an average score around the 100 mark.
Imagine a scale measuring how your brain performs compared to the average Joe. A score around 100? You're in the mainstream, and, in fact, slightly above the average IQ in America, estimated to be 97. But soar above 200, and you're in the rarified air of genius.
This being said, let's zoom in on some of the brightest minds:
The Highest IQ Scores in the World
Abraham Lincoln
Estimates place Abraham Lincoln's IQ between 125 and 150. Lincoln's period of leadership during one of the most tumultuous times in American history includes the ending of slavery with the Emancipation Proclamation and infrastructure projects like the Transcontinental Railroad, which facilitated economic growth and westward expansion. Lincoln remains known for his iconic speech in 1863, at the dedication of the Gettysburg National Cemetery. There, he emphasized the principles of equality and democracy, framing the Civil War as a struggle for the preservation of these ideals.
→ Find out more about Abraham Lincoln’s IQ.
Ludwig van Beethoven
Back in 1926, researcher Catharine M. Cox published estimates of the IQs of 301 historical figures, including Beethoven, whose IQ ranged between 135 and 145. Despite facing many personal struggles, including losing his hearing, Beethoven made incredible contributions to classical music. Through compositions like the "Ode to Joy" in his Ninth Symphony, Beethoven expressed ideals of universal brotherhood, freedom, and human dignity. Over time, his music became a powerful vehicle for conveying these humanitarian values.
→ Find out more about Beethoven’s IQ
Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci, with an IQ between 135 and 150, was a true Renaissance man. He made significant contributions to art, science, engineering, and anatomy. His famous works, like the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper, along with his innovative inventions and detailed anatomical drawings, demonstrate how curiosity and intelligence can lead to groundbreaking achievements across various fields.
→ Find out more about Da Vinci’s IQ
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, whose IQ was estimated by Dean Keith Simonton to be between 133 and 155, served as the 28th President of the United States. His leadership during World War I and his efforts to create the League of Nations highlight his intelligence and vision for global peace. Wilson's academic background and thoughtful approach to governance illustrate how high intellectual capacity can shape important political decisions and international relations.
→ Find out more about Woodrow Wilson’s IQ
Bill Clinton
According to Dean Keith Simonton's 2006 study, Bill Clinton's IQ is estimated to be between 136 and 159. During his presidency, the United States experienced significant economic growth and important policy reforms in education, healthcare, and more. Clinton's ability to navigate complex political landscapes and his strategic thinking demonstrate how high intelligence can lead to effective leadership and positive change in government.
→ Read more about Bill Clinton’s IQ
Johannes Kepler
Johannes Kepler, with an IQ of 140 according to Catharine M. Cox's 1926 study, made groundbreaking discoveries in astronomy and physics. His laws of planetary motion were crucial for Isaac Newton's theory of gravity. Kepler's groundbreaking discoveries in astronomy paved the way for significant progress in our understanding of the universe, demonstrating the power of intellectual curiosity and scientific investigation.
→ Read more about Kepler’s IQ
Madonna
Madonna, known as the Queen of Pop, has an IQ of 140. This estimate also comes from the Mensa International Society, according to HuffPost. Madonna’s career spans several decades, marked by continual reinvention and success in music and fashion. Her ability to stay relevant in a competitive industry with the help of strategic management highlights the importance of intelligence and adaptability in achieving long-term success. Recently, one of Madonna’s earliest No. 1 hits, “Papa Don’t Preach,” was certified platinum, demonstrating her enduring popularity and the evolving metrics of success in the music industry.
→ Read more about Madonna’s IQ
Shakira
Shakira is a global pop sensation known for her music and dynamic performances. According to Mensa International, Shakira has an IQ of 140. Beyond her artistic talents, she has shown her intelligence through her philanthropic work, especially in education with her Barefoot Foundation. Her ability to blend creativity with social advocacy proves the diverse ways high intelligence can make a difference both in the entertainment industry and society.
→ Discover more about Shakira’s IQ
John F. Kennedy
John F. Kennedy's IQ, estimated by Dean Keith Simonton to be between 140 and 160, reflects his charismatic and strategic leadership. His presidency included significant events like the Cuban Missile Crisis, the space race, and the advancement of civil rights. Kennedy's ability to handle complex situations and his vision for the future have led to inspiring national progress.
→ Discover more about JFK’s IQ
Galileo Galilei
Galileo Galilei, with an IQ of 145, played a crucial role in the Scientific Revolution. His discoveries, such as the support for the heliocentric model of the solar system, challenged existing scientific and religious beliefs. Galileo's courage to pursue and advocate for his findings despite opposition highlights the impact of determination in advancing human knowledge and changing the course of science.
→ Read more about Galileo’s IQ
Georges Danton
Georges Danton, with an estimated IQ of 145, was a key figure in the early stages of the French Revolution. Known for his powerful speeches and strategic mind, Danton played a crucial role in the political and social changes of his time. His intelligence and leadership were instrumental in shaping the course of French history during a period of great upheaval and transformation.
→ Read more about Danton’s IQ
Charles Dickens
Charles Dickens, with an estimated IQ of 145, is celebrated for his vivid characters and detailed depictions of Victorian life. His literary genius brought attention to the social and economic issues of his time, using his stories to advocate for social change. Dickens' works remain influential, showcasing the power of intelligence and creativity to impact society and raise awareness about important issues.
→ Read more about Charles Dicken’s IQ
Michelangelo
Michelangelo, with an estimated IQ of 145, was a master of multiple disciplines, including sculpture, painting, architecture, and poetry. His iconic works, such as the Sistine Chapel ceiling and the statue of David, demonstrate his extraordinary talent and innovative techniques. Michelangelo's contributions have left a lasting impact on the world, illustrating how exceptional intellect and artistic skill can create timeless masterpieces.
→ Read more about Michelangelo’s IQ
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, with an IQ estimated to be 150, is one of the most prolific composers in Western music history. Mozart's incredible intelligence is indicated by his creation of over 600 pieces of music by the age of 35. "The Marriage of Figaro," "Don Giovanni," and "The Magic Flute" are only three of the works he is most known for. With an extraordinary ability to improvise, his work has significantly influenced classical music, setting new standards which musicians worldwide still adhere to and try to challenge.
→ Find out more about Mozart’s IQ
Albert Einstein
Probably one of the most famous ‘brains’ in the world, Albert Einstein, has an estimated IQ of 160. The physicist revolutionized our understanding of space, time, and gravity with his theory of relativity. Beyond his groundbreaking scientific achievements, Einstein was known for his wit, humility, and advocacy for civil rights. Even today, he is viewed as a symbol of intellectual and humanistic excellence.
→ Read more about Einstein’s IQ
Quentin Tarantino
Quentin Tarantino is renowned for his distinctive filmmaking style, characterized by nonlinear storylines, aestheticized violence, and extensive homages to film history. The mind behind “Reservoir Dogs”, “Pulp Fiction”, and “Once Upon a Time… in Hollywood” has an IQ of 160 according to HuffPost. Tarantino’s intellectual depth can be noticed in his complex scripts and rich character development. His films not only entertain but also challenge audiences, proving the importance of high intellect in creating engaging and thought-provoking cultural works of art.
→ Find out more about Tarantino’s IQ
Stephen Hawking
Stephen Hawking, a titan of theoretical physics, is known for an IQ of around 160, according to The Independent. He made groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of black holes and the origins of the universe. Hawking's ability to communicate complex ideas to the public and his perseverance in the face of adversity highlight the way intellect can help you transcend personal limitations and contribute to human knowledge.
→ Discover more about Stephen Hawking’s IQ
Steve Jobs
With an estimated IQ of 160, Steve Jobs is the famous co-founder of Apple Inc. Throughout his career, he has revolutionized multiple industries, from personal computing and animation to telecommunications and music. His visionary approach to technology and unparalleled skills in marketing and product design illustrate the impact of blending high intelligence with creativity and entrepreneurial drive. Jobs' legacy continues to influence modern technology and innovation.
→ Read more about the IQ of Steve Jobs
John Quincy Adams
John Quincy Adams served as the 6th President of the United States. According to this study in Political Psychology, John Adams had an IQ between 165 and 175, among the highest IQ scores for US presidents. His intellectual capabilities were evident in his diplomatic achievements and advocacy for science and education. Adams' contributions to foreign policy and his support for the development of infrastructure and public education reflect the profound impact of high intelligence on governance and societal progress.
→ Find out more about the IQ of John Quincy Adams
James Woods
James Woods, with an IQ of 180, is known for his versatile performances in film and television. His ability to convey complex emotions and psychological depth has earned him numerous awards and nominations. Beyond acting, Woods has shown a keen interest in politics and social issues, engaging thoughtfully in public discussions. His career exemplifies how high intelligence can enhance artistic expression and contribute to meaningful dialogue on contemporary issues.
→ Read more about the IQ of James Woods
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, with an estimated IQ of 185, co-invented calculus independently of Isaac Newton. His contributions to logic, physics, and technology, including the development of the stepping reckoner, illustrate the transformative power of intellectual innovation.
One of the most important contributions of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was his development of the binary number system, which is the foundation of all modern computer systems. His work in binary mathematics laid the groundwork for the digital revolution, as it enables computers to represent and process data using only two symbols, 0 and 1.
→ Find out more about the Leibniz’s IQ
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, with an estimated IQ of 185, was a polymath who made significant contributions to literature, philosophy, and science. His legacy includes his role as a key figure in the German Romantic movement. His writings, particularly his poetry and novels, captured the essence of Romanticism, emphasizing emotion, imagination, and the individual's connection to nature.
Works such as "The Sorrows of Young Werther" and his collection of poetry "West-östlicher Divan" exemplify Goethe's Romantic ideals and have had a lasting impact on literature and culture. Additionally, Goethe's influence extended beyond literature; he played a significant role in shaping German identity and cultural consciousness during a crucial period of European history.
→ Find out more about the Goethe’s IQ
Blaise Pascal
According to Lewis Terman's Genetic Studies of Genius, Blaise Pascal had a genius-level IQ of 180. The French mathematician made essential contributions to mathematics and physics. His work laid the groundwork for modern calculus and fluid mechanics. He is remembered for creating Pascal's Triangle, a mathematical pattern that's still used today, and he wrote important philosophical works like "Pensées," where he explored deep questions about life, faith, and human nature.
→ Find out more about the IQ of Blaise Pascal
Christopher Michael Langan
An ex-bouncer, Christopher M. Langan has been dubbed "the smartest man in America". His intellect spans a reported IQ range of 190 to 210, according to BBC Science Focus Magazine. His Cognitive-Theoretic Model of the Universe tries to bring together ideas about the physical world and how our minds work, going beyond what's usually accepted in academic fields. Langan's creative ideas show how extremely smart people can come up with important new theories about how the world works.
→ Learn more about the IQ of Christopher Langan
Kim Ung-Yong
Kim Ung-Yong is a child prodigy from South Korea. With an IQ of 210, he showed stunning talents from an early age, speaking multiple languages by the age of 4 and tackling university-level physics by the age of 5. He also gained fame for completing his Ph.D. in physics at the age of 15 (Colorado State University). Despite his extraordinary intellect, Kim later decided to pursue a more private life away from the spotlight of academia and public attention.
→ Learn more about the IQ of Kim Ung-Yong
Marilyn vos Savant
Marilyn vos Savant, with one of the highest recorded IQs of 228, has used her platform to engage the public with logical puzzles and responses to complex questions. Marilyn vos Savant's attempt to stay anonymous ended in 1985, when The Guinness Book of World Records got her IQ test scores from the Mega Society, one of the most competitive high-IQ societies in the world. Her work in Parade magazine entertains and educates: through her column, vos Savant has promoted critical thinking, intellectual curiosity, and the pursuit of knowledge among her readers for decades.
→ Discover more about the IQ of Marilyn vos Savant
Terence Tao
Terence Tao is a mathematical prodigy who has made significant contributions to various fields of mathematics. According to BBC, Terence Tao has an IQ between 225 and 230, which is extremely rare. Winning a gold medal in the International Mathematical Olympiad at age 13, Tao's achievements prove the potential of combining exceptional intelligence with hard work and creativity. To this day, he continues to advance mathematical knowledge and inspire future generations of mathematicians.
→ Read more about the IQ of Terence Tao
William James Sidis
According to BBC’s Science Focus, William James Sidis’s IQ was between 250 and 300, probably the highest level of IQ in human history. His extraordinary mathematical and linguistic abilities were evident from a young age. Because of this, William Sidis entered Harvard University at the age of 11 and became one of the youngest people to ever graduate from there. He struggled to find fulfillment in conventional careers and faced difficulties maintaining stable employment. Sidis was also wary of the media attention and public fascination with his genius, which led him to withdraw from public life as much as possible.
→ Find out more about the IQ of William James Sidis
Where does IQ data for historical figures come from?
Researchers have extensively studied IQ to understand its implications and variations:
- Catharine Cox: She studied the IQs of 301 historical geniuses. Her work, published in 1926, was part of Lewis Terman's larger "Genetic Studies of Genius." Cox looked at biographical data to estimate early IQs and found that personality traits like drive and persistence were important for success (source).
- Dean Keith Simonton: He studied the intelligence of U.S. presidents to understand their cognitive abilities and characteristics (source).
- Lewis Terman: He led the "Genetic Studies of Genius," a long-term study of gifted children, providing insights into the IQs of both historical and contemporary figures (source). Note that Cox's study mentioned above was part of Terman's research but took a different approach by focusing on historical figures instead of living individuals.
Their work has greatly improved our methods for measuring and interpreting IQ scores, though it's important to note that these measurements have limitations. For example, modern IQ tests have a ceiling of 160, which is often considered the maximum score.
What is the IQ of People in the top 1% IQ?
To be in the top 1% of IQ scores, you typically need to score about 135 or higher on an IQ test. This is because scoring that high means you're roughly 2.33 standard deviations above the average score, which is usually around 100.
It's important to remember that different IQ tests might have slightly different scales and ways of measuring intelligence, so the exact score for the top 1% can vary a bit from test to test.
But what really matters about these highly intelligent individuals isn't just their IQ score – it's how they apply their intelligence in the world!
Frequently Asked Questions on the Highest IQ Scores in the World
What does IQ say about someone's overall intelligence?
Human intelligence is broad, and IQ tests don’t cover the whole spectrum.
More specifically, Howard Gardner, a well-known psychologist, says real intelligence includes several areas:
- Linguistic: Using words well.
- Logical-Mathematical: Good with numbers and logic.
- Spatial: Thinking in pictures and shapes.
- Bodily-Kinesthetic: Using your body to solve problems.
- Musical: Understanding and creating music.
- Interpersonal: Understanding and interacting with others.
- Intrapersonal: Knowing yourself well.
- Naturalist: Recognizing and understanding nature.
These types of intelligence are evaluated through different types of intelligence tests.
Simply put, someone’s IQ shows just one small part of their abilities. It's like one instrument in the big orchestra of human intelligence. Learning to think, adapt, and handle challenges is just as important as a high IQ in life.
Which country has the smartest people?
The study "The Intelligence of Nations" by Richard Lynn and David Becker collected data on national IQs to estimate and calculate the average scores. According to their research, Japan has the highest average IQ globally at 106.48, followed very closely by Taiwan (106.47) and Singapore (105.89).
This study shows that factors like education, healthcare, and socio-economic conditions can greatly affect a country's average IQ. Knowing about these factors helps us understand IQ scores better, but it's important to remember that IQ is just one measure of cognitive ability.
